List of British monarchs
The British monarchy is the direct successor to those of England, Scotland and Ireland. For those, see List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs and List of Irish monarchs.
There have been 12 monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom (the Monarchy of the United Kingdom). The United Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on 1 May 1707 with the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which had been in personal union under the House of Stuart since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, Great Britain merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After most of Ireland left the union on 6 December 1922, its name was amended on 12 April 1927 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Contents |
House of Stuart
Main article: House of Stuart
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death | Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anne 1 May 1707–1 August 1714 |
6 February 1665 St. James's Palace daughter of James II and Anne Hyde[2] |
George of Denmark St. James's Palace 28 July 1683 17 children[2] |
1 August 1714 Kensington Palace aged 49[2] |
daughter of James II (cognatic primogeniture; Bill of Rights 1689) |
House of Hanover
Main article: House of Hanover
The Hanoverian succession came about as a result of the Act of Settlement 1701, passed by the Parliament of England. In return for access to the English plantations in North America, the Hanoverian succession and the Union were ratified by the Parliament of Scotland in 1707.
After the death of Anne with no living children, George I, the son of Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England through his daughter Elizabeth of Bohemia, was the closest Protestant heir to the throne.
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death | Succession right | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| George I 1 August 1714 – 11 June 1727 |
28 May 1660 Leineschloss son of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of Hanover |
Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lueneburg-Celle 21 November 1682 2 children |
11 June 1727 Osnabrück aged 67 |
son of Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James I & VI | [3][4] | |
| George II 11 June 1727 – 25 October 1760 |
30 October 1683 Herrenhausen son of George I and Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lueneburg-Celle |
Caroline of Ansbach 22 August 1705 8 children |
25 October 1760 Kensington Palace aged 76 |
son of the preceding | [5][6] | |
| George III 25 October 1760 – 29 January 1820 |
4 June 1738 Norfolk House son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha |
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz St James's Palace 8 September 1761 15 children |
29 January 1820 Windsor Castle aged 81 |
grandson of the preceding | [7][8] | |
| George IV 29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830 (Prince Regent since 1811) |
12 August 1762 St James's Palace son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
(1) Maria Anne Fitzherbert Park Lane 15 September 1785 (2) Caroline of Brunswick St James's Palace 8 April 1795 1 daughter |
26 June 1830 Windsor aged 67 |
son of the preceding | [9][10] | |
| William IV 26 June 1830 – 20 June 1837 |
21 August 1765 Buckingham Palace son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Kew Palace 13 July 1818 2 children |
20 June 1837 Windsor Castle aged 71 |
brother of the preceding | [11][12] | |
| Victoria 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901 |
24 May 1819 Kensington Palace daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha St James's Palace 10 February 1840 9 children |
22 January 1901 Osborne House aged 81 |
niece of the preceding | [13][14] |
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Main article: House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Although he was the son and heir of Victoria, Edward VII inherited his father's names and is therefore counted as inaugurating a new royal house.
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death | Succession right | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward VII 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 |
9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace son of Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
Alexandra of Denmark St George's Chapel 10 March 1863 6 children |
6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace aged 68 |
son of the preceding | [15][16] |
House of Windsor
The house name Windsor was adopted in 1917, during the First World War. It was changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha because of wartime anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom.
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death | Succession right | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| George V 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 |
3 June 1865 Marlborough House son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark |
Mary of Teck St James's Palace 6 July 1893 6 children |
20 January 1936 Sandringham House aged 70 |
son of the preceding | [17][18] | |
| Edward VIII 20 January – 11 December 1936 (abdicated) |
23 June 1894 White Lodge son of George V and Mary of Teck |
Wallis Warfield Simpson Château de Candé 3 June 1937 no children |
28 May 1972 Neuilly-sur-Seine aged 77 |
son of the preceding | [19][20] | |
| George VI 11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952 |
14 December 1895 Sandringham House son of George V and Mary of Teck |
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Westminster Abbey 26 April 1923 2 children |
6 February 1952 Sandringham House aged 56 |
brother of the preceding | [21][22] | |
| Elizabeth II 6 February 1952 – present |
21 April 1926 Mayfair daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
Philip of Greece and Denmark Westminster Abbey 20 November 1947 4 children |
Incumbent | daughter of the preceding | [23][24] |
Timeline of British Monarchs
See also
- Monarchy of the United Kingdom
- List of British consorts
- List of monarchs in the British Isles
- Line of Succession to the British Throne (a list of people)
- Succession to the British Throne (historical overview and current rules)
- Alternative successions of the English crown
- English and French monarchs overlap chart
- List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death
- Demise of the Crown
- Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England
- British monarchs' family tree
- List of longest-reigning British monarchs
- List of monarchs of British American colonies
Notes and references
- ^ "Symbols of the Monarchy. Coats of Arms. - The official website of The British Monarchy". http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/Coatsofarms.aspx. Retrieved 2011-05-09.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10134". http://www.thepeerage.com/p10134.htm#i101338. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
- ^ "George I". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/GeorgeI.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10099". thePeerage.com. http://www.thepeerage.com/p10099.htm#i100988. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
- ^ "George II". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/GeorgeII.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10097". thePeerage.com. http://www.thepeerage.com/p10097.htm#i100968. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
- ^ "George III". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/GeorgeIII.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10078". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10078.htm#i100777. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
- ^ "George IV". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/GeorgeIV.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10079". thePeerage.com. http://www.thepeerage.com/p10079.htm#i100788. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "William IV". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/WilliamIV.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10085". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10085.htm#i100850. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "Victoria". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHanoverians/Victoria.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10065". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10065.htm#i100648. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "Edward VII". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/EdwardVII.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10066". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10066.htm#i100651. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ^ "George V". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHouseofWindsor/GeorgeV.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10067". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10067.htm#i100661. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ^ "Edward VIII". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHouseofWindsor/EdwardVIII.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10068". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10068.htm#i100678. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "George VI". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheHouseofWindsor/GeorgeVI.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10068". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10068.htm#i100679. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "Her Majesty The Queen". Official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/HMTheQueen.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "thePeerage.com – Person Page 10070". thePeerage.com. http://thepeerage.com/p10070.htm#i100699. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
External links
- English Monarchs – A complete history of the Kings and Queens of England
- Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
- Archontology
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